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Vocabulary and Expressions Related to Natural Disasters

Created by - Mbah Jefferson

Vocabulary and Expressions Related to Natural Disasters

When disasters happen, they are usually big news around the world, no matter where they occur. Different locations experience things such as fires, earthquakes and large storms, but what are the proper words for them all?In order to help you read about and discuss these events in English more accurately, this article will introduce common vocabulary and expressions connected to natural disasters. We'll also introduce some related terms that you are likely to see or hear in the news about these events.Names for natural disastersHurricane/TyphoonBoth of these terms are types of storms called "tropical cyclones." They are storms that begin over large areas of water and bring heavy rain and very strong winds. Generally, if the storm begins in the Atlantic Ocean, it is called a hurricane, while storms beginning in the Pacific are called typhoons. If the starting point is the South Pacific or Indian Oceans, they are called cyclones. Residents of the town were told to leave in order to avoid the approaching hurricane.It is common for this country to experience cyclones this time of year.EarthquakeEarthquakes are events in which large pieces of land deep underground move, causing the ground above to shake violently. Earthquakes are most common in areas that are above "fault lines," which are big cracks under the ground.The strength of earthquakes is measured with a system called the Richter scale.The earthquake measured a 5.1 on the Richter scale.Earthquakes are sometimes called "tremors." This area experiences tremors frequently, but they are usually not very strong.The starting point of an earthquake is called the "epicenter."The epicenter was about four miles from the city's downtown area.Shaking that occurs after a major earthquake is called an "aftershock."After the big earthquake, the town experienced aftershocks for several days.Tornado

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Published - Thu, 28 Sep 2023

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“X” is one of the most powerful letters in the alphabet. From math to maps, and from voting to kissing, no other letter can be used in so many different situations and mean so many different things.This article will explore its main uses and also cover the different ways "X" can be read or pronounced depending on where you find it. Let's begin!"X" can equal...A place on a mapThere are many adventure movies and books in which the main characters are searching for a treasure that has been hidden for years. Usually, there will be a special map that leads the hero to a mysterious place where they can finally discover the riches no one else could find.When you see maps like these, the spot where the hidden treasure is waiting is often marked with a big “X.” It's similar to the red marker on a Google map pointing to your destination. Because of this popular usage, the phrase “‘X’ marks the spot” has become a common English expression.A mysterious or unknown person“X” is often used when someone’s identity is unknown or is being kept secret. In this case, its usage is similar to a question mark.She's meeting Mr. X tonight. She won't tell us who it is.There will be a special appearance by "Artist X" at the show. You'll have to come to find out who it is!In some situations, having an “X” for a name represents danger or power. That’s why there are many films, books, comics and video games in which either the hero or the villain is named “Mr. X” or something similar.A film ratingDo you like movies? The rating system that is used in the US uses letters and letter-number combinations to indicate the kind of content a film contains. You may know G, PG, PG-13 and R, which are the most common ratings. These go from "General" films, which are OK for everyone to watch, to "Restricted" movies that are best for adults only.However, originally there was another rating above R: X! X-rated films often featured scenes of extreme violence or sexual content. Some movie studios even promoted their films as double or triple X to get audiences' attention!Though this rating is not officially used now, you can still find movies today that are advertised with this "dirty" letter. An errorA very common usage of "X" is as a sign for an error, and this usage can appear in many different places. For example, a teacher grading student assignments may write an "X" (often in red ink) next to an incorrect answer. You may see "X" on road signs to indicate that a street is closed or to signal to drivers that they are going in the wrong direction! Similarly, even if there is no error, "X" is often used in many types of software to go backward or to close a menu.A kissA common way to end a letter or text message to someone you have a close relationship with is with an "X," which represents a kiss. (The shape of the letter is a little like lips pressed together in a kissing position.) This kiss can be either friendly or romantic depending on the people in the conversation and the situation.Though it can be used alone, an "X" kiss is often used together with "O," which represents a hug. So if you say "XOXO" out loud, you would say "hugs and kisses" even though the order of the letters is reversed.And more!The multiplication symbolIn mathematics, an "x" represents multiplication. When used this way, use the word "times." For example, the equation 4 x 2 = 8 would be read as "four times two equals eight."MeasurementsWhen measuring the different sides of an object, we use "x" to separate the different values. This usage is pronounced "by."An A4 piece of paper is about 8" x 11." ("eight by eleven inches")An unknown amountIn more advanced mathematics and even in daily conversation, "x" represents an unknown number or amount. 2x - 5 = 17We can only stay for x days before we run out of money.“Sign here”On contracts and other important documents, an "X" will often indicate the area where you should sign your name. It is usually at the bottom of the page, but not always.10"X" is the Roman numeral for the number 10. This is commonly used even in the modern day. The operating system for Apple computers after OS 9 was Mac OS X, and the tenth film in the Fast & Furious series of action movies is called Fast X.A voteWhen there is an election and you need to choose between different people or plans of action, it's common to write either a check mark or an "X" next to your selection. DeathIn comics and other drawings, Xs over the eyes of a character often means that character is dead.Differences in pronunciationDon't forget that "X" is pronounced differently depending on its position in a word. Normally, it sounds like ks, like in "fox," "complex" or "experience." However, there are some words that begin with "X," and in these cases it's pronounced like a "Z." Most of these words are very scientific and are not useful in daily conversation, but some common examples are "xylophone," a kind of musical instrument, and "xenophobia," which is a fear or hatred of people from other countries or cultures.Wrap-up"X" is quite a letter! Depending on the situation, it can mean many different things and can even be read in a variety of ways. The meanings we've covered in this article are all common in the US and other English-speaking countries, but that doesn't mean it is the same everywhere. Does "X" have different or additional meanings in your country?

Thu, 28 Sep 2023
popdafd
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“X” is one of the most powerful letters in the alphabet. From math to maps, and from voting to kissing, no other letter can be used in so many different situations and mean so many different things.This article will explore its main uses and also cover the different ways "X" can be read or pronounced depending on where you find it. Let's begin!"X" can equal...A place on a mapThere are many adventure movies and books in which the main characters are searching for a treasure that has been hidden for years. Usually, there will be a special map that leads the hero to a mysterious place where they can finally discover the riches no one else could find.When you see maps like these, the spot where the hidden treasure is waiting is often marked with a big “X.” It's similar to the red marker on a Google map pointing to your destination. Because of this popular usage, the phrase “‘X’ marks the spot” has become a common English expression.A mysterious or unknown person“X” is often used when someone’s identity is unknown or is being kept secret. In this case, its usage is similar to a question mark.She's meeting Mr. X tonight. She won't tell us who it is.There will be a special appearance by "Artist X" at the show. You'll have to come to find out who it is!In some situations, having an “X” for a name represents danger or power. That’s why there are many films, books, comics and video games in which either the hero or the villain is named “Mr. X” or something similar.A film ratingDo you like movies? The rating system that is used in the US uses letters and letter-number combinations to indicate the kind of content a film contains. You may know G, PG, PG-13 and R, which are the most common ratings. These go from "General" films, which are OK for everyone to watch, to "Restricted" movies that are best for adults only.However, originally there was another rating above R: X! X-rated films often featured scenes of extreme violence or sexual content. Some movie studios even promoted their films as double or triple X to get audiences' attention!Though this rating is not officially used now, you can still find movies today that are advertised with this "dirty" letter. An errorA very common usage of "X" is as a sign for an error, and this usage can appear in many different places. For example, a teacher grading student assignments may write an "X" (often in red ink) next to an incorrect answer. You may see "X" on road signs to indicate that a street is closed or to signal to drivers that they are going in the wrong direction! Similarly, even if there is no error, "X" is often used in many types of software to go backward or to close a menu.A kissA common way to end a letter or text message to someone you have a close relationship with is with an "X," which represents a kiss. (The shape of the letter is a little like lips pressed together in a kissing position.) This kiss can be either friendly or romantic depending on the people in the conversation and the situation.Though it can be used alone, an "X" kiss is often used together with "O," which represents a hug. So if you say "XOXO" out loud, you would say "hugs and kisses" even though the order of the letters is reversed.And more!The multiplication symbolIn mathematics, an "x" represents multiplication. When used this way, use the word "times." For example, the equation 4 x 2 = 8 would be read as "four times two equals eight."MeasurementsWhen measuring the different sides of an object, we use "x" to separate the different values. This usage is pronounced "by."An A4 piece of paper is about 8" x 11." ("eight by eleven inches")An unknown amountIn more advanced mathematics and even in daily conversation, "x" represents an unknown number or amount. 2x - 5 = 17We can only stay for x days before we run out of money.“Sign here”On contracts and other important documents, an "X" will often indicate the area where you should sign your name. It is usually at the bottom of the page, but not always.10"X" is the Roman numeral for the number 10. This is commonly used even in the modern day. The operating system for Apple computers after OS 9 was Mac OS X, and the tenth film in the Fast & Furious series of action movies is called Fast X.A voteWhen there is an election and you need to choose between different people or plans of action, it's common to write either a check mark or an "X" next to your selection. DeathIn comics and other drawings, Xs over the eyes of a character often means that character is dead.Differences in pronunciationDon't forget that "X" is pronounced differently depending on its position in a word. Normally, it sounds like ks, like in "fox," "complex" or "experience." However, there are some words that begin with "X," and in these cases it's pronounced like a "Z." Most of these words are very scientific and are not useful in daily conversation, but some common examples are "xylophone," a kind of musical instrument, and "xenophobia," which is a fear or hatred of people from other countries or cultures.Wrap-up"X" is quite a letter! Depending on the situation, it can mean many different things and can even be read in a variety of ways. The meanings we've covered in this article are all common in the US and other English-speaking countries, but that doesn't mean it is the same everywhere. Does "X" have different or additional meanings in your country?

Thu, 28 Sep 2023
dfff
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“X” is one of the most powerful letters in the alphabet. From math to maps, and from voting to kissing, no other letter can be used in so many different situations and mean so many different things.This article will explore its main uses and also cover the different ways "X" can be read or pronounced depending on where you find it. Let's begin!"X" can equal...A place on a mapThere are many adventure movies and books in which the main characters are searching for a treasure that has been hidden for years. Usually, there will be a special map that leads the hero to a mysterious place where they can finally discover the riches no one else could find.When you see maps like these, the spot where the hidden treasure is waiting is often marked with a big “X.” It's similar to the red marker on a Google map pointing to your destination. Because of this popular usage, the phrase “‘X’ marks the spot” has become a common English expression.A mysterious or unknown person“X” is often used when someone’s identity is unknown or is being kept secret. In this case, its usage is similar to a question mark.She's meeting Mr. X tonight. She won't tell us who it is.There will be a special appearance by "Artist X" at the show. You'll have to come to find out who it is!In some situations, having an “X” for a name represents danger or power. That’s why there are many films, books, comics and video games in which either the hero or the villain is named “Mr. X” or something similar.A film ratingDo you like movies? The rating system that is used in the US uses letters and letter-number combinations to indicate the kind of content a film contains. You may know G, PG, PG-13 and R, which are the most common ratings. These go from "General" films, which are OK for everyone to watch, to "Restricted" movies that are best for adults only.However, originally there was another rating above R: X! X-rated films often featured scenes of extreme violence or sexual content. Some movie studios even promoted their films as double or triple X to get audiences' attention!Though this rating is not officially used now, you can still find movies today that are advertised with this "dirty" letter. An errorA very common usage of "X" is as a sign for an error, and this usage can appear in many different places. For example, a teacher grading student assignments may write an "X" (often in red ink) next to an incorrect answer. You may see "X" on road signs to indicate that a street is closed or to signal to drivers that they are going in the wrong direction! Similarly, even if there is no error, "X" is often used in many types of software to go backward or to close a menu.A kissA common way to end a letter or text message to someone you have a close relationship with is with an "X," which represents a kiss. (The shape of the letter is a little like lips pressed together in a kissing position.) This kiss can be either friendly or romantic depending on the people in the conversation and the situation.Though it can be used alone, an "X" kiss is often used together with "O," which represents a hug. So if you say "XOXO" out loud, you would say "hugs and kisses" even though the order of the letters is reversed.And more!The multiplication symbolIn mathematics, an "x" represents multiplication. When used this way, use the word "times." For example, the equation 4 x 2 = 8 would be read as "four times two equals eight."MeasurementsWhen measuring the different sides of an object, we use "x" to separate the different values. This usage is pronounced "by."An A4 piece of paper is about 8" x 11." ("eight by eleven inches")An unknown amountIn more advanced mathematics and even in daily conversation, "x" represents an unknown number or amount. 2x - 5 = 17We can only stay for x days before we run out of money.“Sign here”On contracts and other important documents, an "X" will often indicate the area where you should sign your name. It is usually at the bottom of the page, but not always.10"X" is the Roman numeral for the number 10. This is commonly used even in the modern day. The operating system for Apple computers after OS 9 was Mac OS X, and the tenth film in the Fast & Furious series of action movies is called Fast X.A voteWhen there is an election and you need to choose between different people or plans of action, it's common to write either a check mark or an "X" next to your selection. DeathIn comics and other drawings, Xs over the eyes of a character often means that character is dead.Differences in pronunciationDon't forget that "X" is pronounced differently depending on its position in a word. Normally, it sounds like ks, like in "fox," "complex" or "experience." However, there are some words that begin with "X," and in these cases it's pronounced like a "Z." Most of these words are very scientific and are not useful in daily conversation, but some common examples are "xylophone," a kind of musical instrument, and "xenophobia," which is a fear or hatred of people from other countries or cultures.Wrap-up"X" is quite a letter! Depending on the situation, it can mean many different things and can even be read in a variety of ways. The meanings we've covered in this article are all common in the US and other English-speaking countries, but that doesn't mean it is the same everywhere. Does "X" have different or additional meanings in your country?

Thu, 28 Sep 2023

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